Comparative and legal analysis of the legislation of Ukraine and the European Union in the field of organic production of livestock

1 Odessa State Agrarian University, 13 Panteleimonovskaya St, Odessa, Ukraine ,65012 2 Public Association "Federation of Auditors, Accountants and Financiers of Agro-Industrial Complex" 37/1, Tankopiya Str., Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61099 3 Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, 77 Pushkinska St, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61024 4 National Scientific Center “Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine” 83 Pushkinska St, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61023 5 Kharkiv National Technical University of Agriculture named after Petro Vasylenko 44 Alchevskih St, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61002 6 Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy, 1 Akademicheskaya St, village Malaya Danilovka, Dergachevskyi district, Kharkiv region, Ukraine, 62341 7 Altai State University, 61 Lenin St, Barnaul, Russian Federation *Corresponding author E-mail: katerina.rodionova@ukr.net Received: 01.11.2020. Accepted 07.12.2020


Introduction
At this juncture the current global trend is the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, increasing demand for organic products, in particular, of animal origin. At the same time, the environmental awareness of consumers is growing. It embodies the desire to ensure animal health and welfare in agriculture (Husic-Mehmedovic et al., 2017). Hence, the development of organic livestock production for the agricultural sector of national economies of many countries is considered as promising one. After all, this type of entrepreneurial economic activity is one where the desire to make a profit is based on environmental protection, animal welfare and public good by producing safe food (Reganold & Wachter, 2016;Milovanov, 2019;Paliy et al., 2020a). Methods of organic production in the field of animal husbandry are allocated in special standards and provide not only the maximum use of environmentally friendly technologies that ensure high product quality, but also ethical treatment to animals, taking into account their specific behavioral needs during rising, breeding and treatment (Escribano, 2016;Seufert et al., 2017;Paliy et al., 2020b). In the process of production of organic livestock products waste from livestock farms is used. This in its turn reduces the dependence of producers on synthetic additives, and also provides for the standardization of the use of manure to grow crops, which reduces the level of environmental pollution (Nazarenko et al., 2020). Based on these characteristics, such production is close to the goals of sustainable development and meets the aspirations of environmentally conscious consumers (Ulko, 2019).

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Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 10(6), 2020 The EU countries which have the largest markets of organic products in 2018 were Germany (10.9 billion euros  29.1%), France (9.1 billion euros  24.3%), Italy (3.4 billion euros  9.1%), Sweden (2.3 billion euros  6.1%), Spain (1.9 billion euros  5.1%), where most of the consumption of organic products in the EU is consumed (73.7%) (Willer et al., 2020). The constantly increasing demand in organic products is leading to growth in organic production, attracting the attention of more and more supporters from agricultural producers. In the EU countries alone, the amount of organic land in 2018 amounted to 13.8 million hectares, which is 7.6% more than in 2017. In general, over the past 10 years, organic land in Europe has grown by more than two thirds (Willer et al., 2020; Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), 2020). The size of the organic territory in 2018 varies significantly from one EU member state to another. The largest land areas are in Spain (2.24 million hectares or 16.2% of the total organic area of the EU), France (2.04 million hectares or 14.8%), Italy (1.95 million hectares or 14.1%) and Germany (1.52 million hectares or 11.0%). Together, they make up more than half (56.1%) of the EU's organic land (Willer et al., 2020). In general, the constant growth of the main indicators of the organic sector of the EU is associated with its legislative regulation, the presence of an influential protectionist policy, scientific approach and financial support (Milovanov, 2018). Statistics on the number of organic animals are currently incomplete, but taking into account all available information, we can see the rapid development of the organic livestock sector in the EU. There are 53.62 million heads of poultry, 5.68 million heads of sheep, 4.76 million heads of cattle and 1.32 million heads of pigs are kept using organic technology in the EU member states. Most organic farms in EU member states are mixed with both organic and inorganic production (Willer et al., 2020;Eurostat, 2020). The development of organic production in Ukraine dates back to the late 90s of the twentieth century. With significant potential for the development of organic production, representatives of the Ukrainian organic agribusiness are successfully mastering organic farming methods. Agricultural lands of Ukraine, which are certified for organic production have increased from 269.9 thousand hectares to 309.1 thousand hectares over the last 10 years (by 39.2 thousand hectares or by 14.5%) (Milovanov, 2018;Kaminska, 2020). As of 2018, the total area of agricultural land with organic status in Ukraine is 233.5 thousand hectares. There is a regional differentiation of land used by organic producers, which is expressed in a significant concentration of organic agricultural land in three regions of the country -Kherson (43.05 thousand hectares), Zhytomyr (30.94 thousand hectares) and Odessa regions (27.15 thousand hectares), where together almost half organic lands of Ukraine  101.14 thousand hectares (Organic map of Ukraine, 2018). The number of operators engaged in organic production in Ukraine during 20162019 increased by 41% (from 294 in 2016 to 501 in 2019), and over the last 10 years -by 324.5% (from 118 to 501). At the same time, the total number of market operators in 2019 decreased by 44 operators in comparing with 2018 (from 635 to 597). However, according to the data of the last four years, the total number of operators of the organic products market in Ukraine has been growing by an average of 16.7% annually. Their number varies within the regions: from 5 in Chernivtsi region to 89 in Kyiv region (Domestic market of organic products of Ukraine, 2019-2020). The results of estimating the ratio of growth rates between the number of organic agricultural producers and the area under organic land for the period of introduction of ERUs in Ukraine (Fig. 2) show that since 2003 there has been a constant outpacing growth of organic producers along with slow growth of organic agricultural areas, except 2013, when there was a sharp increase in land by 44.2% against 6.8% increase in the number of farms. However, after 2014, a record increase in the number of producers in 2016 was recorded -by 71.4% with a decrease in organic areas by 7.2% compared to previous years, respectively. 2017 showed a sharp decline in both indicators: producers -by 15.6% and land -by 24.2%. In 2018, the situation in the sector stabilized somewhat -the number of producers increased by 64.8% and land areas increased by 7.0% compared to 2017.

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Comparative and legal analysis of the legislation Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 10(6), 2020 In general, according to statistics, there is a faster growth in the number of organic producers compared to the slow growth of organic agricultural land. One of the main barriers, which is hindering the planned development of the Ukrainian market, is the unregulated legal regime of its operation. It in its turn causes cases of fraud of organic products, because of unfair competition from producers, certification authorities and traders. This unregulated legal regime affects the image of country and bona fide organic operators (Milovanov, 2018). According to the official data of the Ukrainian certification body 'Organic Standard', which certifies almost 70% of organic market operators, the peculiarity of economic activity of organic enterprises in Ukraine is the concentration of resources mainly on crop specialization. Livestock by organic standards is mainly represented in Kyiv, Zhytomyr, Vinnytsia, Volyn, Poltava, Chernihiv, Khmelnytsky, Odessa regions (Bernet et al., 2018;Bazaluk et al., 2020). The predominance of the crop industry over the livestock industry in the organic agricultural sector is a global trend. However, the principles of organic production require a stable symbiosis of animal husbandry with crop production, which increases labor efficiency. Under development of livestock, first of all, leads to a lack of natural organic fertilizers and creates problems with nitrogen nutrition of crops (Bilyk, & Tkachuk, 2015;Golub & Marus, 2016). In total, in the domestic market of our country (  Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 10(6), 2020 As could be seen from Figure 3, the vast majority (63.13%) of organic products, sold on the domestic market, were dairy products (4640 thousand tons), the share of grain and cereals, flour and seeds was 16.87% (1240 thousand tons), vegetables and fruit -13.47% (990 thousand tons), juices, beverages and pastes -1.63% (120 thousand tons), meat products -1.22% (90 thousand tons), spices, condiments and sugar -1.09% (80 thousand tons), ice cream -0.61% (45 thousand tons), and other organic products accounted for 1.97% (145 thousand tons). Another feature of the national market of organic agricultural products is the supply of large organic companies of raw materials of plant origin to European consumers. The total revenue from sales of domestic organic products amounted to about 189 million US dollars according to a review of exports of Ukrainian organic products in 2019 (Organic market in Ukraine, 2020). The top 10 importers of domestic organic products in the EU include the Netherlands (31.4 million euros), Germany (20.5 million euros), Austria (11.7 million euros), Lithuania and Poland (10.3 million euros each), the United Kingdom (7.7 million euros), Italy (5.6 million euros), France (4.7 million euros), Romania (2.8 million euros) and Denmark (2.5 million euros) ( Fig. 4) (Organic market in Ukraine, 2020).

Fig. 4. Exports of Ukrainian organic products in 2019
Source: built by the authors based on statistics 'Organic Market in Ukraine' Newsletter dated February 12, 2020 Ukraine exports about 80 organic goods in total. According to the estimates of the certification body 'Organic Standard', in 2018 the main organic products (by volume) exported from Ukraine were: corn -150.0 thousand tons, wheat -90.0 thousand tons, soybeans -60.2 thousand tons, seeds sunflower -20.7 thousand tons, sunflower oil -11.3 thousand tons, rapeseed -8.6 thousand tons, apple juice (concentrate) -5.6 thousand tons, blueberries (frozen) -5.5 thousand tons, spelta -5.1 thousand tons, fresh apples -4.5 thousand tons. In 2019, for the first time, about 800 tons of organic sugar produced from sugar were exported (Organic market in Ukraine, 2020). But in general, exports are characterized by dependence on three main commodity items: corn, wheat and soybeans, which account for almost more than half of the organic crop. It could be said that the export of domestic organic products at premium prices stimulates the spread of organic technologies among Ukrainian producers at the present phase of development of the market of organic products.
Legal regulation of the production of organic livestock products in accordance with the legislation of the European Union As of 2019 statistics of the global organic market show that out of 68 countries, which are developing organic production, only 18 countries regulates such activities, have formed national governing legislation and implemented it (Willer et al., 2020). Standards of such influential organizations as IFOAM, entitled 'Basic Standards IFOAM for the Production and Processing of Organic Products' and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, entitled 'Regulations of the Alimentarius Codex Commission on the Production, Processing, Labelling and Marketing of Organic Foods' (CAC/GL32-1999), have a recommendatory nature. (IFOAM, 2014). The priority in this process is to observe the principles that generally determine the worldviews of this method of management. On the basis of international standards and in accordance with the principles and goals allocated in them, the development of internal national standards of countries producing organic products. The legal framework for the organic production sector in the EU is defined in the Council Regulation ( (6), 2020 geographical, climatic and socio-economic characteristics of their countries. In addition to national standards, some EU member states may have private regulations. They are developed in the framework of various associations of organic market participants (farmers' associations, unions, etc.). Private standards could be developed to ensure the competitive advantage of organic products in a particular area or to result in exacerbation of conflicts that arise between businesses of different sizes. Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007 describes the main objectives and principles of organic production, sets requirements for organic production, labelling, control and international trade in organic products. It consists of a preamble (which contains 40 points), 7 sections, 42 articles and 1 annex. The provisions of the preamble to this Regulation generally describe the content of the articles of the Regulation itself, giving a general idea of organic production. The first point of the preamble defines the essence of organic production from the point of view of its significance for society: 'Organic production is an overall system of farm management and food production that combines best environmental practices, a high level of biodiversity, the preservation of natural resources, the application of high animal welfare standards and a production method in line with the preference of certain consumers for products produced using natural substances and processes. The organic production method thus plays a dual societal role, where it on the one hand provides for a specific market responding to a consumer demand for organic products, and on the other hand delivers public goods contributing to the protection of the environment and animal welfare, as well as to rural development. It should be noted that the preamble to Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007 summarizes the content and requirements, that are directly related to organic livestock, namely: point (14) indicates the fundamental importance of animal husbandry for agriculture, its close relationship with the crop sector, point (15) indicates the general content of the rules of animal feeding, point (16) indicates the need for walking animals, point (17) discloses the general methods of keeping and treatment of animals, point (18) deals with the conditions of animal reproduction. It is important to add that point (17) of the Regulation states that 'The implementing rules for livestock production and aquaculture production should at least ensure compliance with the provisions of the European Convention for the Protection of Animals kept for Farming purposes'. At the same time, Article 1(2) of the Regulation states that 'the products of hunting and fishing for wild animals shall not be considered as organic production'. Article 2 defines organic production as one which is used for the purposes of the Regulation: 'organic production' means the use of the production method compliant with the rules established in this Regulation, at all stages of production, preparation and distribution'. It is specifically stated that «livestock production» 'means the production of domestic or domesticated terrestrial animals (including insects)'. Title II describes the objectives of organic production, which determine the basic orientation of the organic sector to create a sustainable system of agricultural management, quality assurance of food and their wide range. Moreover, in some paragraphs of Title II, the main features of a sustainable management system, which targets organic production, are identified. Article 4 of the Regulation contains the general principles of organic production, namely: (a) the appropriate proper design and management of biological processes based on ecological systems using natural resources which are internal to the system; (b) restrictions on the use of external inputs; (c) strict limitation on the use of chemically synthesised inputs to exceptional cases; (d) adaptation, where necessary, and within the framework of this Regulation, of the rules of organic production, taking account of sanitary status, regional differences in climate and local conditions, stages of development and specific husbandry practices. And Article 5 of the Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007 sets out specific principles for organic production, which must also be applied to organic livestock, and some are directly related to it: (c) the recycling of wastes and by-products of plant and animal origin as input in plant and livestock production; (d) taking account of the local or regional ecological balance when taking production decisions; (g) the practice of site-adapted and land-related livestock production; (h) the observance of a high level of animal welfare respecting species-specific needs; (i) the production of products of organic livestock from animals that have been raised on organic holdings since birth or hatching and throughout their life; (j) the choice of breeds having regard to the capacity of animals to adapt to local conditions, their vitality and their resistance to disease or health problems; (k) the feeding of livestock with organic feed composed of agricultural ingredients from organic farming and of natural non-agricultural substances; (l) the application of animal husbandry practices, which enhance the immune system and strengthen the natural defence against diseases, in particular including regular exercise and access to open air areas and pastureland where appropriate; (m) the exclusion of rearing artificially induced polyploid animals. The objectives and principles are implemented through the general production rules of organic production set out in Title III. In their turn, the goals and principles guide and assist in the application of production rules in the implementation of practical activities, direct organic management to ensure its effective implementation. The production rules include criteria for products and substances that could be used in organic production, such as fertilizers, feeds and food additives or products for cleaning and disinfection. Here, Articles 9 and 10 clearly state the prohibition of the use of genetically modified organisms (hereinafter  GMOs) and ionizing radiation in organic production in general, and in organic livestock in particular. In addition to the general rules for organic production set out in Article 11, the basic rules for production for livestock set out in Article 14. These rules are appropriately structured and take into account: (a) the origin of the animals; b) husbandry practices and housing conditions; c) breeding; d) feed; e) disease prevention and veterinary treatment; f) cleaning and disinfection. Article 16 separately defines the foodstuffs and substances used in agriculture and the criteria for their authorization. Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007 provides general requirements for the specificity of organic production, which correspond to general and specific principles, detailing such principles by relevant production areas. These rules are disclosed in detail in Commission Regulation (EC) No 889/2008 of 5 September 2008 laying down detailed rules for the implementation of Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007 on organic production and labelling of organic products with regard to organic production, labelling and control.
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 10 (6), 2020 It should be noted that Article 22 of Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007 provides with exceptions to the rules on organic production, in particular livestock. These ones are in Chapters 1 to 4 (meanwhile they should be kept down to a minimum and, by necessity, limited in time) with taking into account the objectives and principles set out in Title II, if they are need in order to: 1) ensure that organic production can be initiated or maintained on holdings confronted with climatic, geographical or structural constraints; 2) ensure access to feed, seed and vegetative propagating material, live animals and other farm inputs, where such inputs are not available on the market in organic form; 3) ensure access to ingredients of agricultural origin, where such ingredients are not available on the market in organic form; 4) solve specific problems related to the management of organic livestock; 5) use specific products and substances in the processing referred to in Article 19(2)(b) in order to ensure production of well established food products in organic form; 6) allow organic production to continue or recommence in the case of catastrophic circumstances; 7) use food additives and other substances as set outin Article 19(2)(b), or feed additives and other substances as set out in Article 16(1)(d) and such substances are available on the market only than produced by GMOs; (8) use of food additives and other substances as set out in Article 19 (2) Organic production in Ukraine provides for compliance with all mandatory norms, rules and procedures, requirements for quality and safety of agricultural and food production, provided by current legislation (Adaptation to EU legislation, 2019). The obligatory component of the process of organic production is the procedure of inspection and certification (with special labelling), which confirms certain characteristics of the product, the operator receives an organic certificate, the product is given the status of 'organic'. This gives consumers confidence that the products for which they pay added value have organic quality (Airapetov et al., 2017) Domestic producers certify products according to foreign national or private standards due to the fact that at the beginning of the implementation of organic production in Ukraine, state standards to certificate of organic products have not been created (Bernet et al., 2018). In the field of organic production and circulation of organic products for a long time there was no basic legal act that should regulate this activity. Although the first legislative activity in this direction dates back to year 2003 with the active participation of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, namely the 'Law of Ukraine On Production and Circulation of Organic Agricultural Products and Raw Materials' of 03 September 2013 (Law, 2018) came into force only in January 2014 -when 182 producers of organic products were already officially registered in Ukraine, and the area of certified agricultural land was 400.0 thousand hectares. However, the mechanism for implementing the provisions of this Law has not been enshrined in all necessary regulations and orders. As of 2016, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine adopted only 7 out of the 23 regulatory legal acts provided for by this Law (Ignatenko, 2020). The law also contained a number of inconsistencies with the current legislation of Ukraine in other areas, which made it impossible to apply in practice (Airapetov et al., 2017). The legislative base of Ukraine on the production and circulation of organic products needed significant improvement after the signing on 27 June 2014 of the economic and sectoral parts of the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of one part, and Ukraine, of the other part (hereinafter -the Agreement). According to the Association Agreement, Ukraine is obliged to implement the EU legal acts into national legislation (Association agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part, 2014 ;Milovanov, 2018). In the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union in Article 403 of Chapter 17 'Agriculture and Rural Development' states that 'the Parties shall cooperate to promote agricultural and rural development, in particular through gradual approximation of policies and legislation'. In Article 404(c) it is said about necessity to 'promoting modern and sustainable agricultural production, respectful of the environment and of animal welfare, including extension of the use of organic production methods and the use of biotechnologies, inter alia through the implementation of best practices in those fields'.

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Comparative and legal analysis of the legislation Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 10(6), 2020 In particular, it is important for the Ukrainian organic sector that Annex XXXVIII to Chapter 17 'Agriculture and Rural Development' of Chapter V 'Economic and Sectoral Cooperation' of the Agreement states that 'EU regulations, directives, decisions, recommendations and communications contained in annexes, are part of the legal standards considered by the Ukrainian Party in the gradual approximation of legislation on a particular sector or product'. In accordance with Annex XXXVIII to Chapter 17 'Agriculture and Rural Development' of Section V 'Economic and Sectoral Cooperation' of the Agreement, the following legal documents must be taken into account when regulating the development of organic farming:  Council Regulation ( The purpose of the Law, as noted in the explanatory note to it, is both to improve the principles of legal regulation of organic production, circulation and labelling of organic products, and to adapt Ukrainian legislation to European Union legislation in this area. According to experts, in the adopted Law of Ukraine 'On Basic Principles and Requirements for Organic Production, Circulation and Labelling of Organic Products' dated 10 July 2018 No 2496, which entered into force on August 2, 2018 and has been applyingfrom 2 August 2019 is provided the elimination of shortcomings of the previous law, in particular the contradiction of current regulations governing organic production in the EU in terms of vagueness of the principles on the rules of organic production and circulation of organic products, certification of organic production (state supervision control) over the activities of organic market operators. In particular, according to the explanatory note to the Law: 'During the finalization, the draft Law was supplemented by new principles of Commission Regulation (EC) No 889/2008, which were introduced into the Commission Regulation after the draft law No 5448 was registered'. The mechanism of implementation of the norms of this Law is provided by 12 normative acts (resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and orders of the relevant Ministries of Ukraine). As of November 2020, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine has already approved three important resolutions: 1. 'On approval of the Procedure (detailed rules) of organic production and circulation of organic products' dated 23 October 2019 No 970 (according to Article 13 of the Law). 2. 'On approval of the Procedure for maintaining the State Register of operators engaged in production in accordance with the legislation in the field of organic production, circulation and labelling of organic products, the State Register of certification authorities in the field of organic production and circulation of organic products, the State Register of organic seeds and planting material' dated 12 February 2020 No 87 (according to Article 31 of the Law). 3. 'On approval of the Procedure for certification of organic production and/or circulation of organic products and amendments to the resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated 23 October 2019 No 970' dated 21 October 2020 No 1032 (according to Articles 24, 27 of the Law of Ukraine). In addition, the profile ministries also adopted the Order 'On approval of the List of substances (ingredients, components) that may be used in the process of organic production and which are permitted to use in maximum permissible quantities' dated 09 June 2020 No 1073 (according to Articles 14, 23 the Low of Ukraine), Order 'On approval of the state logo for organic products' dated 22 February 2019 No 67, amended Edition dated 14 August 2020 (according to Article 11 of the Low of Ukraine). These and other legal regulations detail the requirements, procedure and features of certification organic agricultural products and aimed at streamline the production and marketing of organic products. Currently, most regulations -9 the ones out of 12 as of 02 November 2020 have been already adopted. Approval of the whole set of normative legal acts will have create a national system of integral legislative regulation in the organic sector of Ukraine. Since the entry into force of the Law of Ukraine 'On Basic Principles and Requirements for Organic Production, Circulation and Labelling of Organic Products', domestic producers are required to be certified in accordance with the 'Procedure (detailed rules) for organic production and circulation of organic products' adopted in Ukraine. This mentioned above Law provides for measures aimed at the development of the domestic market, namely: additional labelling of organic products with the state logo and the label 'organic product'. These measures together with other labelling protect it from counterfeiting. Moreover, economic mechanisms to prevent counterfe it organic products is proposed. In particular, the Law of Ukraine 'On Basic Principles and Requirements for Organic Production, Circulation and Labelling of Organic Products' defines the basic principles and requirements for organic production, circulation and labelling of organic products, principles of legal regulation of organic production, circulation of organic products and functioning of organic products market, basics of activity of central executive authorities, subjects of the market of organic products and directions of the state policy in the specified spheres.
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 10 (6), 2020 According to Article 3 of the Law, organic production, circulation and labelling of organic products in Ukraine is regulated by this Law and law regulations issued in accordance with it, legislation on safety and certain indicators of food quality, state control over compliance with legislation on food, feed, by-products products of animal origin, animal health and welfare, plant quarantine, plant protection, seed and nursery protection, veterinary medicine, beekeeping, aquaculture, viticulture and winemaking, protection and use of flora and fauna, and land, forest, environmental and other special legislation governing relations in this area. Article 1 defines the term 'organic production', which refers to certified activities related to the production of agricultural products, including all stages of the technological process, namely primary production (including harvesting), preparation, processing, mixing and related procedures, filling, packaging, processing, recovery and other changes in the state of production, which is carried out in compliance with the requirements of the legislation in the field of organic production, circulation and labelling of organic products. Article 1 of the Law also defines the term 'organic livestock' -'organic production related to the keeping, breeding (production) of farm animals (including poultry and insects) and products for the production of products of animal origin'. 'Organic animals' -animals (including birds and insects) raised as a result of organic livestock. Article 2 specifies that 'this Law is not applied to … products of hunting and fishing taken from the natural environment'. And in Article 13, organic livestock (including poultry, beekeeping) is defined as a branch of organic production. This Law is compliance whith norms of Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007 to the greater extent. However, there are areas that are not in the national legislation of Ukraine, they are needed to be researched and discussed. It should be noted that Article 6 of the Law defines 10 principles on which the state policy in the field of organic production, circulation and labelling of organic products is based. 8 principles have the main content to create conditions for the state to ensure formal and organisational functioning of the organic sector production and the relevant market. Two principles, namely the principle of 'sustainable development -development of organic production and the market of organic products to meet the needs of the current generation taking into account the interests of future generations' and the principle of 'compliance with environmental safety requirements in organic production and/or circulation of organic products' the process of organic production and circulation of organic products in the livestock sector, which is supported by state policy in this area. However, these principles do not fully disclose the content of the process of production and circulation of organic products, its characteristics, using indirect general concepts of 'sustainable development' and 'environmental safety', which do not directly define this process. In the Article 1(1) of this Law there are no definitions of these concepts. The Laws referred to this Law in the Article 1(2) concerning the use of concepts do not define these concepts either. The Article 6(2) defines the directions of state policy directly related to the process of production of organic livestock products, namely: 'humane treatment of animals by providing living conditions for animals that meet their biological, species and individual characteristics'; 'ensuring genetic safety, biological diversity and rational use of natural resources and their reproduction'; 'ensuring environmental safety during organic production'. Such directions state the corresponding state in the field of organic production, in particular in the field of animal husbandry, but do not reveal and do not explain the peculiarity of its achievement.

Conclusions
Our comparative legal analysis of Ukrainian and the EU legislation in the field of production of organic livestock products revealed certain inconsistencies of the current Ukrainian legislation with the relevant norms of EU law. Taking into account the requirements of the State Program for Adaptation of Ukrainian Legislation to the Legislation of the European Union approved by the Law of Ukraine of 18 March 2004 No 1629-IV and the Association agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part, we offer recommendations that would help improve the legal regulation of organic livestock production in Ukraine: