Operating value and economic efficiency of Large White breed sows

State Institution Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS, Dnipro, Ukraine Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv, Ukraine Institute of Agriculture of Northern East of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Sumy, Ukraine Dnipro State University of Agriculture and Economics, Dnipro, Ukraine Institute of Pig Breeding and Agroindustrial Production, Poltava, Ukraine Poltava State Agrarian Academy, Poltava, Ukraine


Introduction
The experience of specialists of agricultural formations, as well as researches of domestic and foreign scientists testify that the current issues of development of the pig industry, along with improving the conditions of feeding and keeping animals of different production groups, there is the introduction of objective methods for assessing the breeding value of repair young stock, sows and breeding boars of the main herd (DNA markers, BLUP method, evaluative and selective indices), selection of highly productive animals and their intensive use (Mikhaylova, 2017;Kabanov, 2009;Voloshchuk, 2014;Berezovsky & Vashchenko, 2015;Hryshyna & Fesenko, 2015;Rybalko, 2015;Gutyj et al., 2017;Kozyr et al., 2019;Martyshuk et al., 2020;. In connection with the intensive import of pigs of foreign selection to Ukraine, important factors in the formation of a highly productive herd of pigs are the research of the level of their adaptation and operational value. This is confirmed by scientific developments of domestic and foreign scientists (Bazhov & Komlatskiy, 1989;Herasymov et al., 2003;Кodak, 2010;Usenko et al., 2019).

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Operating value and economic efficiency Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 10(4), 2020 The purpose of the work is to investigate the reproductive qualities of sows of Large White breed of different operational value, to calculate the coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of this group of signs and the economic efficiency of research results. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were provided: -on the basis of data of primary zootechnical documentation and results of own researches to give the characteristic of indicators of reproductive qualities of sows of Large White breed of the controlled herd; -to determine the operational value of sows; -to calculate the coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of signs of reproductive qualities of sows of different operational value and economic efficiency of research results.

Material and Methods
The research was conducted in terms of breeding sires for breeding Large White pigs AALLC "Druzhba-Kaznachejivka" Dnipro region and the laboratory of animal husbandry of the State establishment Institute of Grain Crops NAAS. The evaluation of sows of Large White breed on the main indicators of the level of adaptation and reproductive qualities was carried out taking into account the following quantitative characteristics: life expectancy, months, duration of breeding use, farrowings were obtained, total piglets were obtained, heads, live piglets were obtained, heads, fertility, heads, nest mass at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days (kg), preservation (%), duration of between farrowing period, days, number of unproductive days per farrowing. The operational value of sows of Large White breed of the controlled herd was determined by the method (Koryazhnov, 1985) ( Table 1). Selection index of sow reproductive qualities (SIRQS)(1), coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of quantitative signs of sows (К1, К2) (2, 3) and economic efficiency of research results (4) were calculated by the formulas: SIRQS = 6 × Х1 + 9.34 × (Х2/Х3) (1) where: SIRQS -selection index of reproductive qualities of sows, score, X1 -fertility, heads.; X2 -nest mass of piglets at weaning, kg; X3 -age at the time of weaning, days (Tserenyuk et al., 2010); where: σ г and сv г -an average quadratic deviation and coefficient of variability of signs in the group, σ з and сv з -an average quadratic deviation and coefficient of variability in animals of the general population (Polupan, 1996); (4) where: E -cost of additional products, UAH; PP -purchase price per unit of output, in accordance with existing prices operating in Ukraine; AAP -average productivity of animals; AA -the average allowance of the main product (%), which is expressed as a percentage per 1 head when using a new and improved selection achievement compared to the productivity of animals of basic use; CC -constant coefficient of reduction of the result, which is associated with additional costs for profitable products (0.75); NA -the number of livestock of new or improved breeding achievement, heads. Biometric processing of the obtained research results was performed according to the method (Lakin, 1990). The number of sows from which 84-135 live piglets were obtained during the breeding period is 29.04%, 42-81 heads. -43.54%, 7-39 heads. -27.42%. The levels of adaptation and reproductive qualities of various operational value are given in Table 2. We found that sows of the category "high operational value" dominated their peers of the opposite class "low operational value" in terms of life expectancy by 29.9 months. (td = 13.71, P <0.001), duration of breeding use -29.6 months (td = 14.50, P <0.001).

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Operating value and economic efficiency Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 10(4), 2020 The results of the calculation of the coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of signs of reproductive qualities of sows of different operational value are given in table 3.  We found that the maximum increase in additional products on the indicator "nest mass at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days, kg" was obtained from sows of the category "high operational value" -6.03%. The cost of additional products received from animals of this group is +149.96 UAH/heads, provided that the sale price of young pigs to processing enterprises of the region at the time of the research is 45.3 UAH/kg.

Conclusions
The results of the researches show that sows of Large White breed of controlled herd for fertility (heads) and the mass of the nest at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days (kg) meet the minimum requirements of class I and elite class. Significant difference between groups of animals of categories "high operational value" and "low operational value" is established by the following indicators: "life expectancy, months." (29.9 months, td = 13.71), "duration of breeding use, months." (29.6 months, td = 14.50), "obtained farrowings" (5.7 farrowings, td = 14.50), "total piglets were obtained, heads" (70.5 heads, td = 13.85), "obtained live piglets, heads" (67.7 heads, td=20.83), "multiplicity, heads" (3.3 goals, td=10.31), "nest mass at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days (6.5 kg, td = 2.55). Maximum indicators "preservation, %", "duration of the between farrowing period, days" and "number of days per farrowing" was found in sows of the category "low operational value". Coefficients of phenotypic consolidation (K1, K2) of signs of reproductive qualities in sows of different operational value ranged from -0.785 to +0.856. The maximum increase in additional products on the indicator "nest mass at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days, kg" was obtained from sows of the category "high operational value" -6.03%. In the conditions of breeding plants and breeders, as well as industrial complexes, we propose to conduct a systematic assessment of sows of the main herd on the indicators of the level of adaptation and reproductive qualities. The selection of repair pigs should be carried out from animals of the category "high