Ecological Indicators for Environmental Monitoring
Abstract
Ecological indicators are measurable biological, physical, or chemical parameters used to assess the condition, health and functioning of ecosystems. They provide valuable information about environmental changes, ecosystem integrity, biodiversity status and the impacts of natural or human-induced disturbances. Ecological indicators are widely used in environmental monitoring programs to evaluate ecosystem health, detect environmental degradation, guide conservation efforts and support sustainable resource management. By providing early warning signals of ecological change, these indicators play a crucial role in environmental assessment and decision-making.