Ecotoxicology and Environmental Risk Assessment
Abstract
Ecotoxicology is the scientific study of the effects of chemical, physical and biological pollutants on organisms, populations, communities and ecosystems. It combines principles from ecology, toxicology, chemistry and environmental science to evaluate how contaminants interact with the environment and affect living organisms. Environmental risk assessment is a systematic process used to identify, analyze and manage the potential adverse effects of environmental hazards. Together, ecotoxicology and environmental risk assessment play a crucial role in protecting ecosystems, maintaining biodiversity and supporting sustainable environmental management.