Influence of perennial legumes on the productivity of meadow phytocenoses
Abstract
V.H. Kurhak, S.M. Panasyuk, N.M. Asanishvili, I.T. Slyusar, S.M. Slyusar, M.I. Shtakal, M.M. Ptashnik, O.L. Oksymets, Ya.S. Tsymbal, M.O. Kushchuk, Ya.V. Gavrysh, R.M. Kulyk, S.O. Kudrya
We investigated the effectiveness of soil liming during grass sowing and application of inoculation of perennial legume grass seeds with nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-mobilizing preparations. Methods. Field studies were conducted during 2016-2020 in the National Scientific Center "Institute of Farming of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine" (northern part of the Forest-steppe of Ukraine, Chabany settlement, Kiev-Svyatoshinsky district of Kyiv region). Area of the sowing plot was 30 m2, control plot - 25 m². Repetition of experience four times. Technology of cultivation of perennial grasses and their mixtures was generally accepted. Nitrogen fertilizers in the form of ammonium nitrate containing 34% of active substance, phosphorus as simple superphosphate (18.7%) and potassium as potassium chloride (60%) were applied annually in early spring according to the experimental scheme. Liming was carried out by the lime application under pre-sowing cultivation during perennial grass sowing in a dose of 5 t/ha. Seeds of perennial legume grasses were inoculated with the strains of nodule bacteria, according to the technological instructions, immediately before the sowing. Dry weight content was determined by thermostatic weight method at 105 °C. Green mass yield was accounted by weight method, by weighing with subsequent recalculation of yield from 1 ha of dry weight. Results. The productivity of monogenic sowings of perennial leguminous grasses and their mixtures with awnless bromegrass in the variant without fertilization varied within the range of 5.12-8.38 tons, which is 1.7-2.5 times higher compared to the cereal grass stand which was formed from monogenic sowings of awnless bromegrass, for the five years on the average and for the yield from 1 ha of dry weight. The highest productivity and the level of accumulation of symbiotic nitrogen (191-266 kg/ha) were obtained in agrocenoses with alfalfa and the lowest one - with meadow clover.
Key words: perennial leguminous grasses, bacterial preparations, organic grassland, productivity, dry mass, liming
References
Damborg, V.K., Stødkilde, L., Jensen, S.K.,Weisbjerg, M.R. (2016). Characterisation of protein and fibre in pulp after biorefining of red clover and perennial ryegrass. The multiple roles of grassland in the European bioeconomy. Proceed. XXVI General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation. Trondheim, Norway. 4-8 September, 366–371
Demidas, G.I., Galushko, I.V. (2020). Mineral composition of fodder mass of different varieties of meadow clover depending on the elements of cultivation technology. Feed and feed production, 89, 151-160. https://doi.org/10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo202089-15
Demyanchik, V.T. (2012). Dynamics of ecological and faunal potential of reclamation systems in the mode of flooding. Natural environment of Polesie: features and prospects of development. Coll. N. Polesie Agrarian and Ecological Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 5, 74-78
Dospekhov, B.A. (1985). Methods of field experience. Moscow. Agropromizdat.
Hamacher, M., Loges, R., Taube, F. (2016). Evaluation of fifteen leguminous and non-leguminous forage species to improve forage quality of temporary grasslands in northern Germany. The multiple roles of grassland in the European bioeconomy. Proceed. XXVI General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation. Trondheim, Norway. 4-8 September, 263–265
Hynes, D., Laidlaw, S., Ferris, C. (2018). Effect of management strategy on wilting of monocultures and mixture of red clover and perennial ryegrass. Sustainable meat and milk production from grasslands. Proceed. XXVII General Fteeting of the European Grassland Federation. Cork, Ireland, 17-21 June, 249–251
Karbivska, U.M. (2020). Accumulation of root mass of legumes and its influence on the nutrient regime of sod-podzolic soil. Foothill and mountain agriculture and animal husbandry, 67(I), 84-97. https://www.doi.org/10.32636/01308521.2020-(67)-1-6
Karbivska, U., Kurhak, V., Gamayunova, V., Butenko, A. (2020a) Productivity and quality of diverse ripe cereal grass fodder depending on the methods of soil cultivation. ?cta Agrobotanica, 73(3), 1-11. DOI: 10.5586/aa.7334
Karbivska, U.M., Kurgak, V.G., Kaminskyi, V.F., Butenko, A.O., Davydenko, G.A., Viunenko, O.B., Vyhaniailo, S.M., Khomenko, S.V. (2020b). Economic and energy efficiency of forming and using legume-cereal grass stands fepending on fertilizers. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 10 (2), 284-288. DOI: 10.15421/2020_98
Kovtun, K.P., Veklenko, Yu.A., Yashchuk, V.A. (2020). Formation of phytocenosis and productivity of sainfoin-cereal grass mixtures depending on the methods of sowing and spatial distribution of species in the conditions of the right-bank Forest-Steppe. Feed and feed production, 89, 112-120. https://doi.org/10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo 202089-11
Kurgak, V.G. (2010). Meadow agrophytocenoses. Kyiv: DIA.
Kurgak, V.G. (2013). The use of perennial legumes in the meadows of Ukraine in the organic production of fodder. Combination of science, education, practical production and sale of quality organic products. Proceed. Int. Sc. Conf. Kyiv-Illintsi, June 26, 169-178
Kurgak, V.G., Karbivska, U.M. (2020). Peculiarities of formation of leguminous-cereal agrophytocenoses on sod-podzolic soils of Prykarpattia of Ukraine. Feed and feed production, 89, 121-133. https://doi.org/10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo202089-12
Kurgak, V.G., Kulakovskaya, T.V. (2013). Use of meadow pastures in organic production in Europe. Combination of science, education, practical production and sale of quality organic products. Proceed. Int. Sc. Conf. Conf., 156-168
Kurgak, V.G., Voloshin, V.M. (2017). Improving the efficiency of perennial legumes in the meadows of Ukraine. Handbook of Ukrainian farmers "Biologization of agriculture". Proceed. Sc. Conf. Kiyv, 1, 288–291
Kurgak, V.G. (2018). Ways to increase the productive longevity of legume-cereal meadow agrophytocenoses. Combination of science, education, practical production and sale of quality organic products. Proceed. IX Int. Sc. Conf., Kyiv-Illintsi, 9-17.
Mikhalchuk, N.V., Galuts, O.A., Kovalev, I.V., Moroz, V.A., Savchuk, S.S. (2010). Pearls of nature Maloritchina. - Brest: Alternativa.
Mirkin, B.M. (1986). What are the plant communities? Moscow. Nauka.
Nilsdotter-Linde, N., Halling, M.A.,Jansson,J. (2016). Widening the harvest window with contrasting grass-clover mixtures. The multiple roles of grassland in the European bioeconomy. Proceed. XXVI General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation. Trondheim, Norway, 4-8 September, 191–193.
Parente, G., Bovolenta, S. (2012). The role of grassland in rural tourism and recreation in Europe. In: Golinski P., Warda M. and Stypinski P. (ed.) Grassland – a European Resource. Proceed. XXIV EGF General Meeting. Lublin (PL), 3-7 June, Grassland Science in Europe, 17, 733-743
Petrichenko, V.F., Kurgak, V.G. (2013). Cultural hayfields and pastures of Ukraine. Kyiv: Agrarian Science.
Petrychenko, V., Bohovin, A.,Kurhak, V. (2012). More efficient use of grassland under climate warming. Grassland – a European Resource? Proceed. XXIV General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation. Lublin, Poland, 3–7 June, 151–153.
Tyshkevich, V.E. (2010). Restoration of agrocenoses and meadow farming on peat bogs for intensification of hunting economy of Belarus. Melioration, 2 (64), 178-191
Wallenhammar, A., Stoltz, E., Omer, Z., Granstedt, A. (2018). Production capacity of forage legumes and persistence to root rot in organic mixed swards. Sustainable meat and milk production from grasslands. Proceed. XXVII General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation. Cork, Ireland, 17-21 June, 375–377
Weiβ, K.,Kalzendorf, C. (2016). Effectofwiltingandsilageadditives on silage quality of lucerne, red clover and legume-grass mixtures. The multiple roles of grassland in the European bioeconomy. Proceed. XXVI General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation. Trondheim, Norway, 4-8 September, 170–172