Abstract
А. Liubchenko*, І. Liubchenko, Ia. Riabovol, L. Riabovol, O. Serzhuk, O. Cherno and L. Vyshnevska
The article presents an analysis of the duration of the vegetation period and phenological phases of development of somaclonal lines of Camelina sativa, resistant to salt and osmotic stress. Explant donors used the varieties Stepovyi 1, Peremoha, Klondike and Yevro 12. Somaclones were evaluated during 2017–2019, which differed in water and temperature regimes. The hydrothermal coefficient for the period of crop cultivation (April–July) was 1.13 (2017) and 0.91 (2018, 2019). In addition, there are significant differences in this indicator during the growing season. In 2017, the initial stages of growth of Camelina sativa were accompanied by excessive moisture, and a slight deficit of moisture was observed in June. In April–May 2018, a severe drought was observed (hydrothermal coefficient was 0.43 and 0.34, respectively). Therefore, the vegetation period of the created selection materials in 2017 varied from 84 to 96 days, in 2018 — from 72 to 90 days, in 2019 — from 81 to 95 days. Deficiency of moisture and elevated air temperatures contribute to the acceleration of the phases of ontogenetic development and reduce the overall growing season of plants. The required sum of active temperatures is 1300–1700 0С for the ripening of Camelina sativa seeds. The created somaclonal lines are ranked into groups according to the duration of the vegetation period into medium-ripe and late-ripe forms.