Ecological Responses to Urbanization in Developing Regions
Abstract
Urbanization is rapidly transforming landscapes in developing regions, creating significant ecological challenges and opportunities. As cities expand, natural habitats are converted into residential, industrial and commercial areas, leading to changes in biodiversity, ecosystem functions and environmental quality. Ecological responses to urbanization include shifts in species composition, habitat fragmentation, pollution and altered ecosystem services. Understanding these responses is essential for promoting sustainable urban development that balances economic growth with environmental conservation and ecological resilience