Ecosystem services, landscape restoration and human well-being: Integrating pollination, biodiversity and environmental health
Abstract
Ecosystem services, including pollination, biodiversity support, carbon sequestration and water regulation, are fundamental to human well-being. Anthropogenic land-use change, habitat degradation and climate variability have disrupted these services, leading to declines in ecological resilience and human health outcomes. Landscape restoration offers a powerful strategy to recover ecosystem functions and enhance service provision. This article synthesizes current knowledge on the interactions between pollination services, biodiversity conservation and environmental health in restored and modified landscapes. It emphasizes the role of ecological restoration in promoting human well-being, highlights multiscale monitoring approaches and underscores the importance of integrating social-ecological systems into management strategies. By linking ecological functions with societal outcomes, this synthesis provides a framework for sustainable landscape management and informed conservation policies.