Influence of exogenous and endogenous factors on the histomorphology of the red deer interstitial compartment of testicle
Abstract
N.D. Ovcharenko, I.V. Kudryashova, O.G. Gribanova
Seasonal changes in histostructure, morphometric and some histochemical parameters of the testis interstitial compartment of 29 adult red deer males-one of the subspecies of red deer, were studied with traditional histological and histochemical methods taking into account the blood content of testosterone and prolactin. The material was taken during the breeding season (October-the second half of the rut period) and during the periods of anestrus: winter (January-February), spring (March-early April) and summer (late June-early July). The mass of the testis and thickness of the tunica albuginea were taken as total indicators. The dimensional fractions of interstitial tissue and seminiferous tubules, their correlation, the dimensional fraction and the quantity of cell elements in general and the quantity of active Leydig cells per conventional unit area separately, the volume of the Leydig cells nuclei were taken as indicators of interstitial compartment functional state. The most pronounced decrease in the mass of the testis is observed in spring and summer, and the thickening of the tunica albuginea in summer. Unlike other animals in red deers there is a significant decrease in the dimensional fraction of the interstitium in the total volume of the testis during one of the anestrus periods (spring). The morphological parameters of the testis endocrine activity of red deer (mass, interstitium specific volume, the quantity and specific volume of active Leydig cells, the volume of their nuclei) reach peak values during the rut period (autumn) with the daylight hours reduction, annual testosterone acrophase and minimum blood content of prolactin. The structural transformations in the testis endocrine compartment have different character during different periods of relative anestrus. In spring, with the increase in the length of daylight hours, the decrease of prolactin and testosterone content, the population of Leydig cells is exposed to the maximum regression, and in summer, with the longest daylight hours, the minimum content of testosterone and the peak value of prolactin, the volume of connective tissue structures of the testis significantly increases.
Keywords: Red deer; the testis endocrine compartment; morphometric parameters; histochemical parameters; Leydig cells; seasonal periodicity; hormones
References:
Avtandilov, G. G. (1992). Medical morphometry. Moscow. Medicine (in Russian).
Bubenik, G. A. (2006). Seasonal regulation of deer reproduction as related to the antler cycle-a review. Vet. Archive, 76, 275-285 (in Russian).
Cellarius, Yu. G., Zimmerman, V. G., & Semenova, L. A. (1986). Seasonal changes of the testes of silver foxes. Archive AGE, 60 (5), 69-71.
Hochereau-de-Reviers, M. T., & Lincoln, G. A. (1978) Seasonal variation in the histology of the testis of the red deer, Cervus elaphus. J Reprod Fertil, 54 (2), 209-213. doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.0540209.
Kudryashova, I. V. (2010). Dynamics of the seminiferous epithelium of the red deer during the annual cycle. Izvestiya of the Altai State University, 3(2), 35-39 (in Russian).
Kun, Yu, Shou-Long, D., Tie-Cheng, S., Yuan-Yuan, L., & Yi-Xun, L. (2018). Melatonin regulates the synthesis of steroid hormones on male reproduction: a review. Molecules, 23(2), 447. doi: 10.3390/molecules23020447
Lopez-Arranz, J. S., Hinojal, F. R., Castro, C. J., & Ruj, G. G. A. (1976). Some histochemical and histoenzymological observations of the testicle. Phronesis, 28, 391-402.
Lunitsyn, V. G. (2004). Antler reindeer breeding of Russia. Barnaul. Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Siberian Branch of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Antler Reindeer Breeding (in Russian).
Lunitsyn, V. G., Nikitin, S. A., & Ovcharenko, N. D. (2003). Hormonal status of red deers. Siberian Journal of Agricultural Science, 3, 81-85 (in Russian)
Microscopic technique: Manual. (1996). Sarkisova D. S., Perov Yu. L. (Eds). Moscow. Medicine (in Russian).
Ovcharenko, N. D., & Gribanova, O. G. (2016). Seasonal dynamics of the structural and functional state of the adrenal glands of red deer (Cervus elaphus sibiricus, Artiodactyla, Cervidae). Zoological Journal, 95 (4), 484-489 (in Russian).
Raitsina S. S. (1985). Spermatogenesis and the structural basis of its regulation. Moscow. Nauka (in Russian).
Shevlyuk, N. N., Blinova, E. V., Bokov, D. A., Elina, E. E., & Meshkova, O. A. (2010) Interstitial endocrinocytes (Leydig cells) of the testes in postnatal ontogenesis of mammals. Questions of morphology of the XXI century, 2, St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg State Medical Academy of I. I. Mechnikov & St. Petersburg branch of the All-Russian Society of Anatomists, Histologists and Embryologists, 192-195 (in Russian)
Shevlyuk, N. N., Ryskulov, M. F., Blinova, E. V., Maksimova, A. S., Suerbaeva, A. G., & Plotnikova, I. G. (2017). Histophysiology of the endocrine structures of the testes of amphibians, reptiles and small mammals inhabiting anthropogenically transformed ecosystems of the Southern Urals. Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology, 6 (3), 86-90 (in Russian).
Shevlyuk, N. N., Stadnikov, A. A., Obukhova, N. V., Klenov, V. A., & Bikchentaev, E. M. (1998). Morphofunctional characteristics of interstitial endocrinocytes (Leydig cells) of the testes and prostate gland of goats of the Orenburg breed in ontogenesis and under conditions of seasonal changes in their reproductive activity. Morphology, 113 (2), 97-104 (in Russian).
Tashke, K. (1980). Introduction to quantitative cytohistological morphology. Bucharest: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences Sots. Rep. Romania.
Ukhov, Yu. I., & Astrakhantsev, A. F. (1983) Morphometric methods in the assessment of the functional state of the testes. Archive Archive of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, 84 (3) 66-72 (in Russian).