Integrating traditional ecological knowledge in modern conservation practices
Abstract
Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) represents the cumulative body of wisdom, practices, and beliefs developed by indigenous and local communities through centuries of interaction with their environments. It is place-based, dynamic, and holistic, encompassing ecological processes, species interactions, and sustainable management practices. In contrast, modern conservation science relies heavily on empirical data, technological innovation, and standardized methodologies to address biodiversity loss and environmental degradation. Integrating TEK with modern conservation practices provides an opportunity to enrich ecological understanding, enhance cultural inclusivity, and achieve sustainable management outcomes that are both scientifically sound and socially acceptable. This article explores the conceptual foundations of TEK, its significance in biodiversity conservation, and its contributions across multiple domains such as forest management, fisheries, water conservation, wildlife protection, and climate change adaptation. Through case studies, we highlight successful collaborations between indigenous communities and conservation scientists, as well as the challenges of integration, including intellectual property rights, cultural sensitivity, and governance structures. Ultimately, this synthesis emphasizes the need for a pluralistic and collaborative conservation paradigm that respects indigenous knowledge systems while advancing scientific innovation to address the ecological crises of the twenty-first century.