Microbial Ecology and Environmental Interactions
Abstract
Microbial ecology is the study of microorganisms and their interactions with each other, other organisms and the environment. Microbes, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, protozoa and viruses, are fundamental components of ecosystems and play critical roles in nutrient cycling, decomposition, energy flow and environmental regulation. Their interactions influence soil fertility, water quality, climate processes and ecosystem productivity. Understanding microbial ecology and environmental interactions is essential for addressing global challenges such as climate change, pollution, biodiversity loss and sustainable resource management.